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java.lang.InheritableThreadLocal
阅读量:4037 次
发布时间:2019-05-24

本文共 6695 字,大约阅读时间需要 22 分钟。

ThreadLocal是一个线程局部变量类,他是跟当前线程绑定的,线程与线程之间是相互不影响的。也就是在一个线程中通过ThreadLocal进行set值之后,其他线程get是get不到的,只能自己线程进行get。 但是有时候我们想主线程set值,子线程都能取到,这样的话,ThreadLocal就不适用了。幸好java提供了一个类InheritableThreadLocal,它继承自ThreadLocal, 而且Thread类中也定义了相关的变量,使得这个场景得以实现。

直接上测试代码了:

static ThreadLocal
threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>(); static InheritableThreadLocal
inheritableThreadLocal = new InheritableThreadLocal<>(); public static void main(String[] args) { threadLocal.set("abc"); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"====="+threadLocal.get()); } },"thread1").start(); inheritableThreadLocal.set("zhangsan"); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"====="+inheritableThreadLocal.get()); } },"thread2").start(); }

通过以上代码可以看出,thread1输出的是null, thread2输出的是zhangsan。

 

其实现原理也很简单。

InheritableThreadLocal重写了ThreadLocal的三个方法:
childValue,getMap,createMap。

源码如下:

public class InheritableThreadLocal
extends ThreadLocal
{ protected T childValue(T parentValue) { return parentValue; } ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) { return t.inheritableThreadLocals; } void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) { t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue); }}

 

当主线程调用  inheritableThreadLocal.set("zhangsan");

之后,调用的实际上是ThreadLocal的set方法,源码如下:

public void set(T value) {        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);        if (map != null)            map.set(this, value);        else            createMap(t, value);    }

可以看到set方法会先getMap,get不到就会createMap。主线程第一次调用getMap的时候,主线程对象里面的

inheritableThreadLocals引用默认指向的是null,所以第一次set的时候会执行createMap,因为实例化对象是inheritableThreadLocal对象,所以实际调用的也是他自己的createMap方法。

其实主线程里的set就做了一个事,就是对当前线程里面的inheritableThreadLocal变量进行实例化。

然后主线程里new Thread进行创建子线程的时候,这个时候会执行Thread的init方法,源码如下:

public Thread(Runnable target, String name) {    init(null, target, name, 0);}private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,                      long stackSize) {    init(g, target, name, stackSize, null, true);}private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,                      long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc,                      boolean inheritThreadLocals) {        if (name == null) {            throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");        }        this.name = name;        Thread parent = currentThread();        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();        if (g == null) {            /* Determine if it's an applet or not */            /* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager               what to do. */            if (security != null) {                g = security.getThreadGroup();            }            /* If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter               use the parent thread group. */            if (g == null) {                g = parent.getThreadGroup();            }        }        /* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is           explicitly passed in. */        g.checkAccess();        /*         * Do we have the required permissions?         */        if (security != null) {            if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {                security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);            }        }        g.addUnstarted();        this.group = g;        this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();        this.priority = parent.getPriority();        if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))            this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();        else            this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;        this.inheritedAccessControlContext =                acc != null ? acc : AccessController.getContext();        this.target = target;        setPriority(priority);        if (inheritThreadLocals && parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)            this.inheritableThreadLocals =                ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);        /* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */        this.stackSize = stackSize;        /* Set thread ID */        tid = nextThreadID();    }

在init方法里面有一段代码

这里的parent是针对要创建的子线程而言的,实际是  Thread parent = currentThread();  ,在这里就是主线程本身。

调用了ThreadLocal的createInheritedMap方法,源码如下:

static ThreadLocalMap createInheritedMap(ThreadLocalMap parentMap) {    return new ThreadLocalMap(parentMap); }private ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocalMap parentMap) {            Entry[] parentTable = parentMap.table;            int len = parentTable.length;            setThreshold(len);            table = new Entry[len];            for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {                Entry e = parentTable[j];                if (e != null) {                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")                    ThreadLocal key = (ThreadLocal) e.get();                    if (key != null) {                        Object value = key.childValue(e.value);                        Entry c = new Entry(key, value);                        int h = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len - 1);                        while (table[h] != null)                            h = nextIndex(h, len);                        table[h] = c;                        size++;                    }                }            }        }

ThreadLocalMap是ThreadLocal的内部静态类。在ThreadLocalMap的构造函数中可以看出,这个是private的,其内部有一段代码是  Object value = key.childValue(e.value);  这个key就是ThreadLocal对象,在本示例中,就是inheritableThreadLocal对象,

也就是说调用了调用了inheritableThreadLocal的childValue方法进行获取到值,然后创建entry对象,放到map树里。

至此inheritableThreadLocal重写的三个方法都已经被调用了。

我们可以通过重写InheritableThreadLocal的childValue来改变get方法获取的值。

示例代码如下:

public class TestThreadLocal {    static InheritableThreadLocal
inheritableThreadLocal1 = new MyThreadLocal<> ("wocaolai"); public static void main(String[] args) { inheritableThreadLocal1.set("zhangsan"); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"====="+inheritableThreadLocal1.get()); } },"thread3").start(); } static class MyThreadLocal
extends InheritableThreadLocal
{ public T myvalue; protected T childValue(T parentValue) { return myvalue; } public MyThreadLocal(T myvalue) { this.myvalue = myvalue; } }}

输出的结果是

而不是张三了。

转载地址:http://pqcdi.baihongyu.com/

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